IB Mathematics: A Complete Guide for Students and Parents

Continuing our A-Level and IB Subject Guide Series, this week we take an in-depth look at IB Mathematics—one of the most crucial subjects in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP). With two distinct courses at Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL), IB Maths is designed to cater to different student abilities and career aspirations.

If you’re considering taking IB Mathematics, this guide will help you understand the different pathways, assessment structure, subject content, and how to succeed.

IB Mathematics: Analysis & Approaches (AA) vs. Applications & Interpretation (AI)

The IB Mathematics course is divided into two distinct pathways, each available at both Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL):

Mathematics: Analysis & Approaches (AA)

• Focuses on theoretical, algebraic, and calculus-based maths.
• Ideal for students interested in engineering, physics, economics, and mathematics-related degrees.
• Emphasizes problem-solving, proofs, and abstract reasoning.
• Suitable for students who enjoy algebra, calculus, and pure mathematics.

Mathematics: Applications & Interpretation (AI)

• Focuses on practical, real-world applications of maths.
• Ideal for students interested in social sciences, business, statistics, and data science.
• Emphasizes modelling, numerical methods, and statistical techniques.
• Suitable for students who enjoy using maths in applied contexts, such as finance and technology.

✅ AA is more suited for students pursuing STEM-based degrees.
✅ AI is more suited for students going into business, economics, or social sciences.

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How is IB Maths Assessed?

IB Mathematics is assessed through external examinations and an Internal Assessment (IA).

External Assessment (Exams) – 80% of Final Grade

📌 SL Exams:

• Paper 1 (40%) – No calculator, tests pure mathematics.
• Paper 2 (40%) – Calculator allowed, focuses on application of maths.

📌 HL Exams:

• Paper 1 (30%) – No calculator, tests algebra, calculus, and pure mathematics.
• Paper 2 (30%) – Calculator allowed, focuses on applied maths.
• Paper 3 (20%) – Focuses on extended problem-solving and reasoning.

HL students face an additional Paper 3, which tests more challenging mathematical concepts.

Internal Assessment (IA) – 20% of Final Grade

📌 The Maths IA (Coursework Project) – An independent mathematical investigation chosen by the student.

• Can be theoretical (e.g., calculus in physics) or practical (e.g., statistics in sports).
• Requires data analysis, modelling, proofs, or statistical testing.
• Assessed on mathematical communication, reasoning, and personal engagement.

The IA is an opportunity for students to explore maths in a real-world context, making it an important part of the course.

The Hardest Parts of IB Maths

IB Maths is a challenging subject, and students often struggle with:

❌ Time Pressure in Exams – Questions require deep thinking and quick problem-solving.
❌ Abstract Concepts (HL AA) – Topics like proof, complex numbers, and calculus require a strong mathematical foundation.
❌ Real-World Modelling (AI) – Using data and statistics effectively can be challenging.
❌ Internal Assessment (IA) – Requires careful research, original thinking, and structured mathematical writing.

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What GCSE Grades Are Recommended for IB Maths?

✅ Maths (Grade 7-9 or equivalent) – Essential for HL courses.
✅ Further Maths (Grade 7-9 or equivalent) – Recommended for students considering HL AA.
✅ Physics or Economics (Grade 6 or higher) – Helps with applied mathematical reasoning.

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What Can You Do with IB Maths?

Mathematics is a highly respected subject that opens doors to many university degrees and careers.

University Degrees

🎓 Mathematics
🎓 Engineering
🎓 Economics
🎓 Data Science & AI
🎓 Computer Science
🎓 Architecture
🎓 Business & Finance

Careers Related to Maths

📊 Data Analyst
📊 Financial Analyst
📊 Software Engineer
📊 Statistician
📊 Investment Banker
📊 Actuary
📊 Research Scientist
📊 Economist

Many top universities require HL AA for STEM degrees, while SL AA or HL AI is sufficient for business and social sciences.

HRB Education: Helping You Succeed in IB Maths

IB Maths requires critical thinking, problem-solving, and structured reasoning. At HRB Education, our expert tutors help students with:

✅ Exam Preparation – Mastering key topics, exam techniques, and time management.
✅ IA Support – Helping students choose and structure a strong mathematical investigation.
✅ Concept Reinforcement – Simplifying difficult topics and providing personalized guidance.
✅ Study Strategies – Helping students balance coursework and revision effectively.

📢 Want to achieve top grades in IB Maths? Contact HRB Education today and let us help you excel!

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